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外语中的格言、谚语
老外平时除使用许多俚语(slang)外,也常夹些格言(adage)、谚语(proverb)、引语(quotation)、警句(saying)或是众所周知的道理(truism)。这些玩儿,也与中文里不少的格言或俗语等意义相近。使用起来,颇有「异曲同工」之妙。
1.Like attracts(或
draws)like. 意思是:相同的人吸引相同的人。 (like 指 similar people)这与另一句谬语
「Birds of a feather flock together.」(相同羽毛的鸟在一起)意义相似。(a =
same)也就是咱们常说的「物以类聚」或「同声相应,同气相求」。
2.(Too much) familiarity
breeds contempt. 意思是说:相处过於亲密,就会产生侮慢之心(不尊重)(即 low
opinion)(breed = create)这句话又与另一句俗语「Too thick does not
stick.」 (太稠或太浓反而黏不住)意思相近。 也就是说: 「closeness brings
disagreement.」(亲不敬,熟生蔑); 就是劝人:「君子之交淡如水」或「保持距离,以策安全」。
3.Once bitten(或 bit),twice
shy. 就是说:一次被咬,下次胆小。或是一次上当,下次小心。(shy = avoid)动词时态:bite, bit,
bitten(或 bit) 这又与另一句俗语「A burnt child fears(或dreads)the
fire.」(被灼伤的小孩怕火)相似。说白些,就是: When you have bad experience, you
don't want to have the same experience again.
这不就是「一朝被蛇咬,见绳也心惊」或「一日被蛇咬,十年怕草绳」吗?
4.A stitch in time save
nine. 意思是:「一针及时省九针」。也是「一针不补,十针难缝」或「小洞不补,大洞叫苦」的味道。这句警语与「An
ounce of prevention is worth a pound of
cure.」(一分的预防,胜於十分的治疗)意义相近。此外,还有:「Don't wait for a rainy day
to fix the roof.(不要等到下雨时才去修补屋顶); 或「Always prepare for a
rainy day.」或「Prepare for the worst and hope for the
best.」(做最坏的打算和最好的希望)这些警语,说的都是「未雨绸缪」。
5.Old habits die hard.
意思是说:改掉老习惯很不容易。「It is difficult to break an old
habit.」这与另一句谚语:「You can not teach an old dog new
tricks.」(你不能教老狗新把戏)。这就是所谓「江山易改,本性难移」。
6.Absence makes the heart
grow fonder. 意思是:一个人不在时,使人内心更想念。「When a person is absent, we
may think of him/her more
often.」与「久别情深」、「眼不见,心更念」、「人去情渐深」,或是「一日不见如隔三秋」的意味相近。
7.A penny saved is a penny
earned. 据说这是Ben Franklin 的引语。照字面意义是:能存一分钱,就是赚了一分钱。後来有人改口说:
Take care of your pennies(=pence)and the pounds (=dollars)will
take care of themselves. 说白些,就是: If you save small amount of
money, you will eventually have a large sum of money.
就是中国人所谓「积少成多,集腋成裘」。(这句话也可指小事谨慎,大事自成。)
8.When in Rome, do as the
Romans do.意思是说:当在罗马时,就照罗马人的(生活)方式去做。所以有人也改口说: When in
America, do as the Americans do. 就是「入国问禁,入乡随俗。」
9.What is done cannot be
undone.意思是:做过的事,不能再还原。(动词时态:undo, undid, undone)。这与另一句谚语
「Don't cry over spilt milk.」或「It is no use crying over spilt
milk.」意义相似。也就是说:What is done is done或What has taken place,
nothing can be done about it.(take
place=happen)就是「覆水难收」、「往者已矣」。
10.Don't(或Never)cross a
bridge till(或until)you come to it.
照字面的意义是:不等到桥边,就不必过桥。也有人说:We have to go across the bridge
when we come to it. (it
指桥;bridge也指问题或困难),换句话说:不必为将来顾虑太多「Don't worry too much in
advance.」劝人当问题出现时再设法解决不迟。「You have to face the problem or
difficulty when the time comes.」这与所谓「船到桥头自然直」,颇有相似之处。
11.All good things must
come to an end.
意思是说:一切好事,总会结束的。也就像咱们所谓「天下没有不散的宴席」或「好景无常」。换句话说:人生的道路是崎岖不平的(Life
is bumpy.)或(Road bumps in our life.)但也不必悲观,生命也有光明的一面(There
is light at the end of the tunnel.)
12.Beauty is but (=only)
skin-deep. 意思是:美貌只是一层皮或外表的美是肤浅、短暂的。「Beauty is just as deep
as skin.」这与其他两句格言:「Don't judge a book by its
cover.」(评价一本书不是只看书的包装)「Appearances are
deceiving.」(外表是骗人的)意义相近,所以唯有内在的品格才是永久的重要的,(Personality
Counts),不可以貌取人,否则就成为所谓的「绣花枕头」了。
13.What goes around comes
around. 意思是:你的所做所为,也会得到报应的。 「What comes out of you will
return to you.」这句话有些迷信 (superstition)
,像「十年河东,十年河西,风水轮著转」。不过老外所指的「因果报应」,多半是指「恶报」。 (注意:不是What comes
around goes around.)
14.Money talks.
这句话「钱会说话」或「金钱最有发言权」。也有人後面加上一句:It(money)talks all
languages.(它会说多种语言),也就是说:money is power. 或是说:Money makes the
man. If you have money, even a fool is a
master.(金钱改变一个人,假如你有钱,即使是傻瓜,也会变成主人。)这些谚语,与咱们所说的「金钱万能」、「钱可通神」或「有钱能使鬼推磨」的古老观念,意义相近。
(现代许多人倒认为「钱不是一切」)「money is not everything.」
15.Nice guys finish last.
意思是:好人吃亏。(guy=person)这与另一句谚语相似:Nice(honest)people get short
end of stick.(get short end of stick=not treated fairly);
也有老外说:(You)never give a sucker an even
break.(你从不给老实人公平待遇)(even break=fair dial;sucker是指老实或易受骗的人),就是「好人受欺」。
16. A small spark makes a
great fire. 这与另一句警语:「It takes one small spark to start a
forest fire.」意义相同。 也就是我们所说的「星星之火,可以燎原」。其实也可以说是:A trifle may,
often cause great disaster.(小事也会引起大灾难)。
17. Out of sight, out of
mind!意思是:看不见,心就不会想(烦恼)。 也就是咱们所谓「眼不见为净」。也有人说是:「Long absent,
soon forgotten」或「Seldom seen, soon
forgotten.」「见得少,忘得快」或是「时间会冲淡感情」。说白些,就是:If you don't see it,
you just forget about it.
18. Treat others as you
want to be treated. 意思是说:你想别人怎样对待你,你就要怎样对待别人。 或者说:Treat
others as you want others to treat you,也可以说:Do unto others
as you would have others(them)do unto you.(unto
是古体的介系词=to)这与咱们所说的「己所不欲,勿施於人」意思相似。
19. There is no place like
home. 意思是:没有一个地方像自己的家那么好。 还有其他说法:East, West, home is
best或Home, sweet home!或是No place is as desirable as home.
这就像中国人所说的「金窝银窝,不如自己的狗窝。」
(home是指经过装饰过而有人住的温暖的家,而house可能只是空空没人住过的房子)
20. Actions speak louder
than words. 照字面意思是:行动比言语更响亮(有效)。 换句话说:采取行动要比高谈阔论好(It is
better to take action than just to talk about it.)即「事实胜於雄辩」。
21. The pot calls(或calling)the
kettle black. 意思是:锅嫌水壶黑。 此外,还有类似的谚语:All cats are(或look)black(或gray)in
the dark.或者We are in the same boat.也就是说:大家彼此彼此(We are all
equal或We are in the same situation。就像「五十步笑百步」或「乌鸦笑猪黑」。
22. Champagne tastes on a
beer budget. 意思是说:只有喝啤酒的预算,却有喝香槟酒的爱好。 也就是指一些人花钱超出自己的能力。(Some
people spend more money than they can afford.)或Some people
live beyond their means.这不就是「打肿脸充胖子」吗?
23. It never rains, but it
pours. 照字面意思:不是微微细雨,而是大雨倾盆。 也就是说:坏事接二连三的降临 (The bad thing
come in succession.) 这与咱们所谓的「祸不单行」或「屋漏偏逢连夜雨,船破又逢对头风」意思相似。
24. One picture is worth a
thousand words. 意思是:一张画(或照片)胜过一千字的描写。
如同中国人所说的「百闻不如一见」。(Seeing is better than hearing a hundred
times.) (注意:Words are worth a thousands
pictures.,又是指一篇文章描写得十分生动)
25. A slip of tongue cannot
be recalled.意思是:(不小心)说漏了嘴,是收不回来的。 或者说:One word once let go
can not be recalled. 这都是劝人说话要谨慎负责。即「一言既出,驷马难追」。
26. You cannot make filet
mignon out of chopped liver. 意思是:你不能从品质差的肉,制造品质高的肉。filet
mignon 是法国小牛排,是 high quality of meat ,而 chopped liver
是指品质差的肉,这里的 liver 未必是动物的肝脏,说白些,就是:Something with good
quality can not be made with cheap material.
这与咱们所说的「朽木不可雕也」,颇有相似。
27. a chip off (或 of) the
old block. 照字面说:木头中的一个碎片。 这与另外两句谚语相似:「Like father, like
son.」(相貌性格等酷似父亲的儿子)「As the old cock crows, so crow the
young.」(老公鸡在叫,小公鸡也跟著叫)(动词时态:crow, crowed(或crew),
crowed)因为孩子多半是模仿父母的(Children generally imitate their
parents.)(多半指男性)这就是咱们所谓的「有其父必有其子」。
28. Make hay while the sun
shines. 意思是:晒草要趁阳光好。 这与另一句「seize the day」(把握今朝)= carpe diem
是拉丁文,意义相近。就是「行事要趁机会好」(make the most of an opportunity)。
29. Fools rush in where
angels fear to tread. 就是所谓「愚者仓促,智者小心」的意思,劝人不可轻举妄动。(Don't
jump without thinking.)
30. Judge not lest ye(=you)be
judged.这句话是劝人不可批评别人。 (Don't criticize
others.)因为你如果批评别人,那么别人也会批评你。(If you criticize others, you'll
expect others to criticize you!)
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